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I. Development of soybean cultivars for the Southeast with enhanced productivity, quality, and pest resistance. Traits selected for include:
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A. Yield
1. Under irrigated conditions
2. Under limited water availability
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B. Seed composition
1. Increased protein
2. Modified fatty acid content (mid-oleic acid, reduced palmitic and linolenic fatty acids)
3. Reduced phytic acid
4. Lipoxygenase elimination
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C. Nematode resistance
1. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)—Southern, Peanut and Javanese
2. Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines)
3. Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis)
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D. Disease resistance
1. Frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojinae)
2. Stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum)
3. Soybean rust (caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi)
4. Other diseases (e.g., bacterial pustule, bud blight, soybean mosaic virus)
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E. Insect resistance
1. Lepidopteran defoliators (corn earworm, soybean looper, velvetbean caterpillar)
2. Coleopterans
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F. Glyphosate tolerance
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Personnel active in all of the field and greenhouse aspects of the soybean breeding program include D. Wood, E. Baxter, G. Bishop, S. Finnerty, and H. Chambers. Personnel involved in marker-assisted selection (MAS) include J. Alvernaz, E. Duvall and E. Leggett.
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II. Improvement of seed composition to enhance value
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Project Key: MAP = mapping and confirmation of genes and QTL; PED = pedigree analysis; CHAR = characterization of relationships between genes from different accessions; EVAL = evaluation of potentially useful alleles in adapted genetic backgrounds; MARK = development of new markers (mainly SNPs) that can be used for MAS in the breeding program.
Personnel working on specific projects are indicated in parentheses.
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A. Protein increase
1. High-protein allele from 'Danbaekkong' [EVAL (C. Warrington)]
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B. Fatty acid modifications
1. Reduced saturated fats, especially palmitic acid
2. Mid-oleic acid [EVAL, MAP, MARK (Z. Shearin, B. Ha, staff)]
3. Reduced linolenic acid
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C. Phytic Acid Reduction [MAP (A. Hoskins)]
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D. Other enhanced value traits (lipoxygenase triple nulls; low trypsin inhibitor)
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III. Pest and disease resistance
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A. Root-knot nematodes
1. Southern, M. incognita [MAP, PED, MARK (B. Ha)]
2. Peanut, M. arenaria
3. Javanese, M. javanica
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B. Reniform nematode [MAP, MARK (B. Ha)]
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C. Defoliating insects
1. Lepidopteran pests: Corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and Soybean looper (Psuedoplusia includens) [MAP, EVAL (M. Samuels-Foo)]
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D. Frogeye leafspot [PED, MAR (A. Hoskins)]
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E. Stem canker [MAP, MARK, CHAR (Z. Shearin)]
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F. Asian Soybean Rust [MAP, CHAR (D. Harris)]
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IV. Development of germplasm and cultivars with improved tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses
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A. Exploitation of genes from PI 416937 for:
1. Fibrous/prolific rooting
2. Slow wilting
3. Aluminum tolerance
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B. Exploitation of genes from PI 471938 for:
1. Slow wilting [A. Hussein]
2. Yield under water-limited conditions [A. Hussein]
3. Water use efficiency [EVAL (A. Hussein)]
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C. Exploitation of genes from S100
1. Salt tolerance [MAP (A. Hussein)]
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D. Investigation of other germplasms with potentially useful genes
1. Stress QTL alleles from PI 471931
Personnel involved in achieving this objective include those mentioned at the end of Objective I.
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V. Mining exotic germplasm for superior alleles at yield QTL
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A. Yield genes from PI 471938
1. Yield under irrigation
2. Yield under water stress
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B. Yield genes from 'Hyuuga', PI 416937, and Danbaekkong
1. Yield QTL that function in multiple environments
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